THE FIFTH PART

IV. Definition of the Anatomy of the Horse shown from the side in two ways

It is very difficult for a person to do something perfectly if they do not know the origin and foundation; hence, it is equally difficult to draw a horse well without understanding and knowing its muscles, veins, and arteries. Therefore, anyone who wants to perfect their drawing skills must practice frequently with real-life animals, making use of animal anatomical illustrations, so that become familiar. On the other hand, avoid imitating common painters who draw all their animals with such a significant focus on the inward parts of the body that, instead of drawing living animals, they draw anatomies. This mistake is particularly noticeable with horses, which are quite strong creatures. To draw them well, one must have all these inner parts in memory, especially those that change, like the shoulders and legs, because as an animal moves, if you do not establish the correct proportions or movements, and the internal parts that change, you cannot depict them well. This is what I have experienced during my studies at the Royal Academy of France. Therefore, note the muscles of the shoulder A, changing as it moves its legs, likewise the hips B, changing with the movement of the legs and hind feet, C. The neck is also composed of muscles which will extend, and the rest can be learned through experience.

Teaching of the Flayed Horse, presented here in two ways

It is very difficult for a person to remember how to accurately depict a horse in its first outlines and features, unless they understand the anatomy and learn to sketch from reality, considering the way the muscles behave and how they respond to various movements; in the nature of all animals, it is crucial to observe, as it is not like drawing many unrealistic depictions of animals which painters often create. Rather, the aim should be to understand the inner structures for better proportions and movements. In my studies in Paris and the Academy, this is what I considered, to testify and show those who desire truly remarkable learning.

Characteristics of the Horse depicted from the outside

It is not within human capability to create something of fine art unless the origins and essentials are fully understood; thus, it is essential to discern well and learn from real-life depictions before attempting the full form. Anyone engaged in drawing must keep in mind these inner elements, for they are indispensable in achieving true artistic perfection. Therefore, without prior observation, misconceptions often arise. During my scholarship years, I encountered this and learned the need for disciplined practice. From this, each should gain knowledge of their true form, and such comprehension only develops through diligent and repeated efforts.