THE ART OF DESIGN

PRACTICE

To create all kinds of Birds with a simple method for this Mathematical rule.

Since this fifth part has been sufficiently discussed for the youth who wish to practice learning the art of drawing, it has shown the true geometric method for drawing any species of animals: not having found much in even my own way more easily for demonstrating the design of every kind of birds from which rules derive by practice of the following. First of all, it must be known that all things created in this world have a certain proportion in themselves: and that said things are varied even more in their species among the other quadruped animals, and among humans for this proposition they use only general rules, by five for different manners and proportions: that the eagle, valet, swan, stork, & turkey from the proportion of which we will test the way of conveying others.

First Test.

Having by long experience of study observed within the secrets of nature, that each thing created by God has adapted the forms one companions naturally, without any study of drawing a bird on the paper not to do thus from our principle, & of our first proposal, if you follow the nature of the said my companion, which will be the true maxima, is the true way to draw any such a bird with every suitable proportion, as we will point out. To teach, it is circle, or somewhat add B, which forms an Eggshaped, or that the body; then C, which becomes a parallelogram, that is, the Tail, & then below also the middle of the said body pulled two lines, which serve as a pedestal, upon which the body rests like the letter D. which is the complement of the first way of said proportion, & of which the example can then draw many other forms of birds, such as Eagles, Herons, Parrots, & similar birds.

Second Test.

Of another type of Birds, they call it Long Neck.

In this second one treats of the proportion of said Birds, like Storks, Pelicans, or Ostriches. And of all those with long Beak and Neck, which are made in the same manner; nor do they vary unless they have not a long Neck & Tail; of which example their instruction in the Figures H E. G.

Third Test.

Of Swans, Ducks, Geese, & others that eat fish.

The Swan among the other birds is one of the tallest, heavy, & of the most gracious near the water; it is obviously formed as in the first rule. The Paint C & maximum when it swims in the water; which is obviously formed as in the first rule the Neck as a small S. like on the letters H. K. L. M. clearly demonstrated: also similarly Ducks, as other similar birds; except the peacock's tail, which is forcibly, but in its gravity composed, it is almost of a shape of a circle, inside which the body is like the center; which others fish, & has the proportion, as the other Birds; slightly different though, that the Turkey has a somewhat different form for having the body bulkier, and the tail in the form of a square to the parallelogram.

Fourth Test.

The Cocks, Hens & Perches rough sketch usually in a large Eggshaped, as shown in the Eggshaped N, where the Neck, and foot equally appears of O. P. O. Q. the remaining species from the continuous exercise.

Fifth Test.

Of the posture of the Birds.

I would not prolong my discussion here, as those who understand the posture of other animals, can easily also understand that of the Birds: for greater explanation it shows the way with the following table, in which three principal examples frequently for making a posture every sort of bird, so fixed on earth, like on branches of trees, or flying: the examples of which are very useful for understanding the way to make all others.

Particular instruction to draw every sort of bird naturally.

The May equal with the experience of great valiant men in this art, in particular to S.Scholen the true way to design the birds in any manner way: being that all Birds, that having been deprived of freedom, are very restless & wanting, so as to best design & paint them, & to put them in form my sketch on the Paper, or on the flow of deception, & of paper them; and to prevail of the lights, more close the other lights let the eyes are, you can bring birds, living or dead they be & come, indeed they do not move themselves, yes they will tie to assai; if they die, form them with peasants, then through fascines in the way, the soon, & nude for considering the rough sketch: unable with the mind to design every mode, accurately, is state of the animal; Where therefore prevent always new ways, one medium of them, will not do much useless, allowing avventite it great, much; cosfero, & everything their way, coviscihe is the mind morat pleasant & then easily is above continuous exercise.

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