Facial Observations, Traits, and Underlying Causes

from the traces left behind can be discerned by an observant viewer.

If one wishes to express the characteristics skillfully and thoughtfully; (particularly in the images and scenes, facilitates a good action and choice of adjuncts, enhancing the expressions in the faces)

Let them, according to the guidance of this illustration-explanation, depict a secret thief or a dishonest trickster, with the expression of a cat or perhaps a monkey: Although the latter is more suited for a mischief-maker, a joker, or a perpetrator of mischief, it shows a cunning and veiled malice.

A stubborn person who exhibits impudent or lewd behavior; will not appear misplaced if the expression is delineated like that of a bull. The rustic bluntness combined with cunning duplicity can benefit greatly from depicting the expression of an ox or cow. For someone who is a teaser or a mocker, (who also resembles the bird of the same name) let them have the expression of a goat or ram, and they will easily show the mocking spirit in their eyes.

An old grumbler, with a measure of courage and wisdom, will often resemble a lion's expression.

A person who is foul and of bad temper, and dull due to lack of education and spirit, will easily reveal this through a slight hint of a pig-like expression, demonstrating their nature.

And as this animal is very inclined to sleep and laziness, their eyes are commonly half-closed: Hence it is not entirely unjust when long and frequent sleepers are called "sleep-pigs."

Although it is said of a dull person, "They sleep away their intelligence,"

Translation Notes

- 'Tronie' traditionally refers to a study of a face or expression in art, often used to describe characteristic or exaggerated features.

- 'Sweming' in this context can refer to the expression or countenance shown on a face.

- 'Sweemfeltje' is used to denote a hint or slight indication.