The text describes methods for analyzing and depicting the human head in art, focusing on different views and outlines. The process involves identifying key points and lines on the head, such as the Oval outline, axis, and horizontal circle line, that guide how the head's movement can be shown or imagined. It explains movements and tilting of the head in various directions for accurate rendering.
Artistic Examination of the Face.
It is noted further that the first outline of the Oval, A.B.C.D., passes through the top of the Skull, the center through the Ears, and the point of the Chin, which we call the Oval, or Front view. The second outline A.F.D.E. also extending from the Skull top, straight across the Nose, Mouth, and Chin, we call the Side Oval, or Raised Profile. At the center is the vertical line A.D., which serves as the Axis, around which the Head can tilt left or right, or turn sideways. If we divide this A.D. into two equal parts; then undoubtedly, point G, the center point of the Head will be found; and then as a result, from the plane C.B.E.F., which describes the upper surface of the Oval in a circular shape; this Circle passes through the Eyes and Ears, known as the Horizontal Circle Line, where the centrally passing C.B.G. or F.G.E. may be called the Axis, on which a Head can move forward and backward, and also tilt leftward, and otherwise move; When we now imagine that the movement of the Head can pass through both outlined Lines, it is easy to understand that such a Head can be tilted in two different ways, namely backward and towards the left or right side, or forward, and inclined sideways left or right; And that these movements vary infinitely. The specifics of these outlined Lines according to the instructions done in this first manner will, in a Natural position, be made clear by the similarity of the Lines and Reference Letters, in the three following Examples.
The various Tiltings of Heads explained by the Lines and Points,
Translation Notes:
1. 'Kruyn' refers to the top part of the skull or the crown of the head.
2. 'Ovaal' can refer to an oval shape or the perceived outline of a head.