The text describes different muscles in the human body, focusing on their roles and visibility, as well as how they interact with bones like the shinbone and thigh bone. It provides detailed anatomical descriptions of muscles such as Minimus, Trochanter Major, Externus, Semitendinosus, Gracilis, Semimembranosus, and Tibialis Anterior, and references specific illustrations within the text for further clarification. Translation notes provide insight into terms that may not directly translate into English or could be unfamiliar to a non-specialist audience.
Functions and Service of the Muscles
49. Minimus. This is the third muscle that forms the buttocks and helps align the thigh correctly. It is situated under the Medius, making it mostly invisible. See illustration B.
50. Trochanter Major. This refers to the large protrusion of the thigh bone (39) often called the Rotator. The Trochanter Minor is not seen. The Major is in illustrations B and C.
51. Externus: It is one of the four muscles known as Postici or posterior, as they follow these roles: they pull the shinbone (44) upward and cause the leg to bend or flex. It is external to the thigh. See illustrations B and C.
52. Semitendinosus, is alongside the Gracilis within the thigh: its function is similar to the previous in lifting the shinbone (44) upward. It is also referred to by us as semi-nervous. See illustration B.
53. Gracilis. This aligns with semitendinosus inside the thigh, and pulls the aforementioned shinbone upward, inwards during contraction; it is sometimes simply called the Thin Muscle. See illustrations B and C.
54. Semimembranosus, or half-membranous. Similar to the three previously mentioned, it pulls the shinbone upward. This has two heads; one arises from the pubic bone (36), and the other from the outer thigh side Femur (42), and both heads combine into a tendon, then attach to the back part of the shinbone. See illustration C
55. Tibialis Anterior. Or the front shin muscle; this bends alongside the following Peroneus (57) the foot, and pulls it upward towards the knee. It emerges from the upper shinbone (44) and attaches itself.
Translation Notes:
- "Medius" and "Postici" refer to specific muscles. "Medius" is the Gluteus Medius, and "Postici" involves posterior muscles.
- "Semi-nervous" refers to partly specialized muscle functions, specifically semi-tendinosus.