The Structure and Function of Muscles.

The same applies to the thighs, whether the figures are bent, standing straight, stretched, or seated. Furthermore, one sees in various actions more changes in and around the shoulder blades, the side flanks, and the neck, as well as some other combinations of the whole body because their mobility brings about the greatest diversity.

Up to this point, we have discussed human studies with such breadth; as it belongs to the proper positioning of figures in drawing and painting. However, we know that our work may still appear too limited to some, particularly since most of our lessons seem only applicable to the placement of individual figures, without any coupling: such that they are not generally designed for grouping or arranging actions and events where many figures are together, working either all together or in various couplings and assemblies. Therefore, like some masters before, we have learned to use various aids, seeing very well that figures often require entirely different actions in a coupling or grouping than in a singular stance. In response to this, we say that although the desired things are indeed essential parts of the art of painting, we have nevertheless, for many reasons, judged that much of it actually belongs to the orderly arrangement and assembly of histories rather than human studies; and since we intend to let that part follow at a more opportune time, so fal...

Translation Notes:
The original term "Menschkunde" should be translated as "human studies" or "figure studies" and not "anthropology." "Schilderkonst" is translated as "art of painting," which encompasses techniques and principles used in painting.