The text discusses the origins and insertions of several muscles in the human body, such as the trapezius, serratus, and scapular muscles. It explains how these muscles are visible from different views and their functions, including lifting and lowering the arms. The description includes anatomical terms and may reference anatomical figures or illustrations typically seen in art and anatomy books.
DRAWING
...like with a kind of belt, a little above the navel, by a muscle called the transversal. The large serrated muscle originates from the bottom of the scapula and inserts obliquely into the first eight ribs along with the external oblique, as previously described. These are the muscles visible on the front of the figure; on the back, the following are seen. The trapezius originates from the back of the head, the vertebrae of the neck, and the first vertebrae of the spine. It extends on each side up to the spine of the shoulder blades where it makes its insertions, covering a part and even attaching to the end of the clavicles that interlock with each shoulder and scapula; it also covers the two muscles that originate at the top of the neck and broaden, inserting onto the scapula; these are called specific lifters. Additionally, there are various eminences and cavities visible on the trapezius, according to the different movements of the muscles and the parts it covers. There are also two muscles on each scapula, which have the same effect as the deltoids; they also lift the arms: one is called the supraspinatus, because it originates above the spine of the scapula and inserts into the anterior part of the arm; the other, called the infraspinatus, originates below the spine of the same scapula and inserts into the outer part of the arm. These two muscles, moreover, pass under the deltoid to attach to the arm bone. There is another muscle called the proper depressor, which originates from the lower side of the scapula, joining with an angle of the very-wide muscle, we will discuss later, inserting into the arm bone to lower it. The muscle called the very-wide, due to its extent, originates at…
Translation Notes
1. "Transversal" - Refers to a muscle that runs transversely (horizontally).
2. "Scapula" - Also known as the shoulder blade.
3. "Trapezius" - A large muscle extending over the back of the neck and shoulders, moving and stabilizing the shoulder blade.
4. "Supraspinatus" - A small muscle located above the spine of the scapula, part of the rotator cuff.
5. "Infraspinatus" - Another muscle of the rotator cuff, located below the spine of the scapula.