The toes naturally curve downward and almost touch the ground, whereas the big toe curves upward.

The diameter of the big toe viewed in profile at its widest point, which is at its first joint, is equal to half a part. Here, fig. 1, cd equals half of Gh.

The two phalanges of the big toe are of equal length. The nail occupies half of the last phalanx. The hollow under the last joint of the toe is exactly halfway along CD, fig. 1. Here, fig. 6, AC is half of AB, and AB would be one third of the foot's length. The phalanges of the toes decrease by a quarter just like the fingers of the hand. The nail occupies half of the last phalanx. See figure 7.

The height of the foot, measured from the ground at its highest point, namely at the instep, is one-third of the foot's length. Here AB equals CD.

The sinus or notch that connects the instep with the leg is, in height, two-fifths of a part. Here of equals two-fifths of Gh.

The external malleolus, or the outer ankle, is elevated one part above the ground. Here the distance pe equals HK. The internal malleolus, or the inner ankle, is lower than the first by one-fifth. Here, fig. 5, ab equals four-fifths of AC. The internal malleolus is wider than the external; the former is formed by the head of the tibia, and the latter by the head of the fibula, which is thinner than the tibia.

When the foot is viewed in profile, behind and below the heel, a hollow and a swelling caused by the strongest tendon of the leg, called the Achilles tendon, are visible. This tendon descends half a part lower than the ankle. The hollow formed by the Achilles tendon marked st, is at the halfway point of FR, and FR equals one part.

The width of the lower leg viewed in profile, measured above the malleolus, is equal to one part or a third of the foot’s length.

When the foot is viewed from the inside, its height is equal to a third of the foot's length. It will be observed that the foot seems thicker on this side, for when it is viewed from the inside, we take its thickness or height equal to a third of its length, but measured from the ground, whereas for the foot viewed from the outside, this measure is taken from the sole itself, which creates a difference of less from b to e, in figure no. 7.

Concerning the width of the top of the foot, it depends on the height from which one is looking; the higher you are, the more you see of the digit bone. To find this width, you can compare it on the drawing pencil, with the height of the foot.

The feet shown in figures 1 and 5 should be drawn to scale like the one shown in fig. 8, ensuring the proportions of lengths and widths; then the forms and details are drawn. The foot, in fig. 2, should be drawn to scale like the one illustrated in fig. 4.

Fig. 9 represents the mass of the foot of a person on their knees. Figures 3 and 10 are to demonstrate the construction of the feet represented in figs. 2 and 9, and where the flexions should occur, to avoid drawing feet that would appear broken.

Feet in various positions.

The foot always has the same proportions, but they change in the eye according to the position of the foot relative to the observer.

When the foot is viewed from the front, its length is seen foreshortened and therefore in perspective. There is a straightforward way to place in perspective the three divisions of the foot by constructing a scale. The length proposed to give the foot is determined by two points; these points are connected by horizontal lines: on the line represented here, board 28, fig. 1; by ACB, one takes any size AC as desired. After roughly calculating how high the observer's eye is, a point of vanishing is taken at

Translation Notes:

- The term "malléole" refers to the ankle bones: the "external malleolus" is also known as the "lateral malleolus," and the "internal malleolus" as the "medial malleolus."

- "Sinus" in this context refers to a specific anatomical curve or indentation, particularly where the foot meets the leg.