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To finish the top of the stool, find the center of the square or plan represented by d·ef·1, using two diagonals. Curve the lines represented by dc, cf, yf, and du, and draw the straw, similar to what is shown in figure 2.
A chair is nothing but a stool with a backrest. Compare the height of the backrest with that of the stool, figure 3, and then guide lines GH, LM to the point of intersection of this chair.
Similar operations, always from nature, to draw an armchair. See, by comparing the height at which the arms attach to the backrest at points A and B, figure 4. Compare the height DC of these arms with the height of one of the legs. On your drawing, raise a perpendicular at point D on which you will measure from D to C the height you found, and trace the curve of the arms from C to A. The other arm will be done similarly. For the armchair in the position of figure 5, perform the same operations as for figure 4.
Drawing a Table from Nature.
To draw a table from nature in the position of figure 6, it is still the drawing of a box (plate 3, figure 6). Start by drawing the square or geometric plan represented here by ABCD and the perspective plan by DCHG. Afterwards, compare the thickness of the table represented by ED with the height represented by AD. Then compare the width of the legs with their height or with the height ED. Finally, observe, by eye on the horizontally held paper-pencil, at what height the base of the leg represented here by F intersects leg AE. Leg M is at the same height as leg L.
You can also find these legs by searching the intersection point of this table (see plate 3, figure 6). If you draw a line from leg A to leg L, this line would direct towards intersection point R. By lowering a vertical from point G, this vertical will meet the line drawn from point A to intersection point R, at point L, which would determine the table leg.
Drawing a House from Nature.
Once you can draw a rectangular box from nature, you will also be able to draw a house. A house indeed resembles a large box.
Obviously, the difference between the box in figure 7 and the house in figure 8 lies only in the details. To draw the house represented here by figure 8 from nature, you must first ignore its windows, doors, and chimneys at first glance. Start by seeing only the large masses. Start by sketching the house in figure 8 as represented by figure 7, focusing first on the geometric plan and the perspective planes, as was done for the boxes (see plate 3).
One begins with a dimension taken at will on the line ab, fig. 7, which represents the base AB of the house, figure 8. If the house were taller than it is wide, start by determining the height; with ab found, compare the height represented by AC (fig. 8) with the width AB. Here AB is a seventh larger than AC. From point a, raise a perpendicular on which a height ae equal to ab minus one seventh is taken. From point b, a perpendicular is raised on which the height bg is equal to ae. Connect points c and d by a straight line, obtaining the geometric plan abcd, representing the geometric plan here by ABCD.
Compare then, as for boxes, the width of the lateral perspective plan or receding side of the model house with the geometric plan. Here, the width of the receding side BEFD is one-fifth of AB, the width of the geometric plan. Take eo equal to one-fifth of ab, and from this point o, raise a vertical of indeterminate size. When holding the pencil horizontally to hide the angle represented by F, you will see how much lower F appears than D. Similarly, you will see how much higher angle E appears than B, and you will mark its place.