II. The Nose.

Proportions of the Nose Seen from the Front.

The width of a nose, seen from the front, is equal to half its height; here, plate 18, fig. 1, FG, the width of the nose seen from the front, equals AG, half of AB, which represents the height of the nose. The width of the top or back of the nose, here represented by ār͞b, equals a third of FG, the width of the nose. Each wing* of the nose occupies the other third. The height of the wing of the nose is equal to the smaller half of the width of the nose. The nose is composed of bones and cartilage; it is a bit narrower at its base, wider at the junction of bones and cartilages. The back of the nose becomes narrower, and consequently narrower, towards a third of the height, starting from the bottom, and becomes wide again at its lower end. We divide the height of the nose into three equal parts. Here, RS, equal to AB or DE height of the nose, is divided into three equal parts, and c͞d, constriction of the nose, is at a third of the height: Thus the base of the nose, more or less broad, does not occupy a third of the width of the nose: a͞b’, wide breadth of the back of the nose, located towards the middle of the height, occupies the third of the width; and c͞d, constricted part, occupies the small third; then, the tip of the nose occupies the large third.

The main line of operation DE divides the nose into two equal parts.

When drawing a nose seen from the front, it should be drawn clearly and in the proportions we have just given, and as a whole, figure 3. Once the mass is given, one seeks the shape of each part of this organ, observing what we have just said about the indentations on the back of the nose. Additionally, one attempts, as much as possible, to render the various shapes as they are seen on the model or nature which one has chosen.

Figures 4, 5, and 6, always represent noses seen from the front. Their length varies according to the inclination of the head, while the width remains the same. The nose represented in figure 4, is seen from a head slightly tilted backward. To draw this nose after nature, one compares on the pencil-holder its greatest width, here represented by DE, with its height. Then one compares the underside of the nose, here represented by AB, with height AC, and regarding the breadth of the back of this organ, represented here by a͞b’, it is always the third of the width, here represented by DE: the breadth of the wings occupies the other two thirds.

If one is drawing a nose in the position represented in fig. 5, one again compares with its largest width, here represented by AB, with its height represented by CE. The back of the nose appearing in this position is shorter than the underside of the nose, one compares the length of this back, represented here by DE, with the height of the underside, because the underside of the nose in this position seems retracted. The width represented by a͞b’ is always the third of AB.

Then comes the nose, seen from the front, which belongs to a lowered head. The height represented here, fig. 6, by AB, is given, one compares the largest width, here represented by CD, with the height represented by AB. Holding the pencil horizontally, one sees how much the tip of the nose represented here by A descends lower than the line represented by Cg B’, upon which the wings of the nose rest. One also sees how far the nose seems to descend onto the mouth; the part of the back of the nose that appears to retract and is represented here by c͞d, is always at the third of the total height. The width of the back of this organ, represented here by a͞b’, always occupies the third of the total width CD; the width of the wings of the nose occupies the two other thirds.

Proportions of the Nose Seen by Three Quarters.

In a nose seen by three quarters, the width is always equal to half the height. Here, fig. 7, CD

* The "wing of the nose" is what we call the protruding part that lies above the nostril.