ON DESIGN.

To understand the framework of the human body, that is, the structure of the bones which adjust the external shape of the body in general, and that of each limb in particular: it also helps to give muscles their true position, and to express them properly in relation to the actions they perform on the limbs, and the movements they convey. It is through this understanding that we can highlight those in action more, and provide to those that obey the movement of others the inflections that create the beautiful contrast observed in nature.

The thoughtful study of the ancients helps to correct sometimes defective shapes of nature and to make a decision on choosing which are more important to capture and reveal; for studying nature, it is appropriate, while not deviating from the truth, to become accustomed to mainly see what it offers as great and noble, subordinating all the minor parts. Thus, one must get used early to making this choice, by comparing nature with the beautiful productions of antiquity and the works of great Masters.

To draw from nature, one can pose a nude man at will, whether standing, seated, or lying down, or in any other natural attitude; this is what is called posing the model. It may be illuminated by daylight, or by a lamp: although the model is beautiful to draw from all sides, one is nevertheless free to choose the one that is most interesting. One draws indifferently...

Translation Notes:

- "connoître" translates to "understand" with a connotation of thorough or deep comprehension.
- "poser le modèle" directly translates to "posing the model," a standard practice in artistic workshops for studying forms and positions.
- "les inflexions" is translated as "inflections," referring to the subtle bending or movement that adds dynamic contrast.
- "Maîtres" refers to recognized 'Masters' in art, suggesting esteemed artists known for their exceptional skill.