The text discusses the Roman practice of assessing soldiers based on their facial expressions, focusing on the eyes' bravery. It explains how different facial features contribute to expressions, impacting perceived virtues and vices. Additionally, it notes the character traits associated with various face types and their social implications.
Human Limbs.
Courage and even more, yes, also the bravery and audacity, can seemingly be read from the face. Thus, we may say with the Old Philosophers that the entire person resides in their expression.
In this, the examiners among the Romans who went to review young soldiers had to be very experienced, because according to Vegetius, the selection of such soldiers focused primarily on the facial expression and the bravery of the eyes. They could do this easily when they had learned through habit to observe these; In these presentations, the particular parts of the face, each play their own role and function. For one cannot precisely determine what help the bushy eyebrows, the forehead, the eyes, the nose and nostrils, the mouth, the lips and others contribute in each situation; But also where they are thus or so determined: as we will point out in due place.
This work creates the virtues and vices from the general form of the face, it teaches us that a large face displays stubbornness and lack of understanding. A small cat-like face usually belongs to a person who occupies themselves with little trifles. Such persons are often flatterers. Those who are thin and pale are considered many times as rogues, jesters, and deceivers. Also, not seldom do spies flow after vague mishaps. Flat faces should be shunned because of their unchangeable similarity to such people; All the more as they often accompany much envy and barefacedness.
Translation Notes:
- "Menschfelyke Ledematen" refers to "human limbs," but more figuratively it concerns the expressions of character seen in someone's facial features.
- "Geylheyd" and "Stoutheyd" encompass a range of bravery and audacity concepts.