This section describes methods for determining the proportions and positioning of facial features using specific guidelines and diagrams. It involves dividing the face into sections using horizontal lines and curves to assess positions from various angles. The text outlines the same method for achieving proper balance in both forward-leaning and backward-tilting head positions.
Artistic Head Positioning
To determine the height and width of all parts of the face, one must align with the natural or straight horizontal B.D. to bring the true width of a frontal face, divided into five parts, as taught by the 'Tronie-stelling' method (a technique for positioning faces). One should draw straight lines downwards intersecting the arcs. This is shown clearly in the second sketch and indicates the alignment in two completed heads, one leaning forward and another tilting backward.
For setting the reflective parts, it is very suitable to follow these steps: make a side view of the face, following the lines shown in the examples. For determining the height along the guide of the incidental horizontal curve, symmetrical lines may be drawn. Where these come out of the face from the side in the forward-leaning face, they define the points of the nose, mouth, and chin, as the sketch shows; and in this instance, it is explained that the method in a leaning backward or forward face is the same.
Sixth example of the 'Tronie-stelling', a head that is bending and casually tilting backward or forward.
According to the first example of this explanation sketch, on the Oval A B C D, to place a bending face, where the head is continued forward.