The passage describes the anatomy and functions of various muscles associated with the arm and hand, focusing particularly on their connections and how they facilitate movements like bending and extending. The muscles discussed include the Brevis and Longus near the elbow, the flexors of the hand, and the muscles responsible for moving the fingers and thumb. The text also refers to illustrations (B, C, A) to better explain the muscle structures and their connections.
Muscles and Their Functions
This muscle connects along with its counterpart Brevis (24) to the elbow. It extends closely under the neck of the shoulder blade (20) and is so firmly attached to Brevis that it cannot be separated. It is joined together with a common tendon in the bulge of the elbow (27). See Illustration B. C.
24. The Brevis, a short or secondary extender. This connects next to the Longus as noted, to the elbow, to which it is very tightly bound, and continues with a similar tendon in the bulge of the elbow to straighten it. See Illustration B. and C.
25. The Flexors or Benders of the Hand Shaft. These are two: Both spring from the inner arms. The first begins at the inner projection of the arm bone (25) sticking to the elbow (26), into the fourth bone piece of the hand shaft (30). Its counterpart starts at the same place and descends above the other bone piece, planting into the first bone piece of the middle shaft of the hand (31), beneath the index finger. See Illustration A. B.
26. The Bulges of the Elbow: This has four muscles; two that bend and two that straighten. The Benders are called the Biceps (20) and Brachialis (21). See Illustration B. C.
27. Is the straightener of the three foremost fingers. See Illustrations B. C.
28. Is the straightener of the little finger: divided into two tendons. See Illustration C.
29. Is the straightener of the first two segments of the thumb. See Illustrations B. C.
30. Is the straightener of the outer joint of the thumb. See Illustration C.
Translation Notes
- "Muskel" translates to "muscle," referring to the muscles discussed and their attachments.
- "Brevis" and "Longus" refer to specific muscles and may be proper names.
- "Flexores" refers to the muscles responsible for bending or flexing the relevant appendages.