Foreword

It is a long-acknowledged truth by all reasonable people that an anatomical understanding of the bones and muscles of the human body is essential for a capable artist. Without this knowledge, the artist proceeds uncertainly; they overlook what they should particularly observe and instead spend time on things that do not deserve much consideration. However, someone who understands the form and connection of the body's bones, how they bend and turn based on diverse functions, and who recognizes which muscles are needed for certain bone movements, and what role they play, will more easily and effectively focus their thoughts on a specific posture. They will know what to observe and express, so that their work aligns with nature's likeness. I believe no one would doubt that understanding anatomy promises and delivers great advantages to the artist, whether replicating or creating something from one's imagination. Properly guided, one becomes skilled in accurately expressing nature. Only one deserving the title of a perfect artist is whose representations closely match or resemble nature. Hence, it is clear that anatomical knowledge is crucial and beneficial for the thorough learning of drawing. If anyone still has doubts about this, I refer them to the works of art esteemed by true connoisseurs as the most perfect. Consider the highly praised statues, bas-reliefs, and coins of the ancients, which, as in almost all sciences, also achieved excellence in the arts.

Translation Notes:

- "Zeichner" can be translated as "draftsman" or "artist."

- "Anatomische Erkenntnis" refers to "anatomical knowledge" or "understanding."