The text discusses techniques in drawing using tools like a camera obscura, describing its components, including mirrors and lenses, and its usage for art. It explains the setup and structure of various apparatus and methods to achieve accurate reproductions. Additionally, it describes the construction of a mannequin for artists to capture human positions.
DRAWING.
The same operation is repeated until the entire painting is copied.
One can see the utility of this movable support point; when the original is large, the end of the copy process will see the copy and the movable support point meeting on the painting, which is not a problem as a doubled context will allow the length of the branches of the finger that have only one semi-circular piece. An additional clamp will make it just, because otherwise it would be impossible to avoid the flexibility of the rules.
1. Camera obscura, referred to as in a small room open on one side of the door; A, small square furniture in which is placed the mirror; B, the mirror, best made of glass or metal; C, the tube containing the lens; D, the table on which the artist places the paper that receives the images of the objects; E, the fixed frame; F, strips for the shutters; G, strips for the same vents; you see alongside the clamps holding the poles which are used to move the machine.
2. Another camera obscura, more portable than the previous one, also placed on a table, where the user does not rely on the machine, allowing them to keep only their head visible and draw while being enclosed in the machine.
3. Larger development of the first camera obscura, showing an angled view; common objects of influence are marked with letters; there remains H K, iron bracket attached on H, with a hinge to the mirror B, and fastened on K; it is through this rod that the mirror is given a suitable inclination; L: tube holding the lens, inserted into another tube with a rounded surface in threads: M, part of one of the beams used to transport the machine.
4. Wooden board covered with white paper.
5. Frame with cover that encloses the sheet of paper.
PLATE V.
Fig. 6. Development on a larger scale of the small turret containing the mirror of the first machine: A, casing of the turret, with the side meant to be printed; B, the axis of the mirror, better compensated, and another tube of the lens; F, G, tube on wire containing the lens; G, tube for slow motion, it must be mounted on a frame E I, allowing the supporting filaments F G to move accurately in a diagonal method using small wood or medium cut; I, the board covered in the frame to receive painted objects.
7. Frame of the portable camera obscura on which is stretched a thick, semi-opaque material, lower beams fixed in the middle and assembled like the flexible rods of an umbrella.
8. The same machine finished with these fabrics and two curtains which enclose the viewer, and the mirror which is covered by the box as shown in the previous figure.
9. Enlarged development of the upper platform supporting the mirror, the mirror K of the tube that holds the lens. Functionally configured.
PLATE VI.
The mannequin.
The mannequin is a figure constructed in such a manner that it replicates the main external movements of the human body; it aids painters in fixing different poses; it is made of leather, and its structure; which is covered in chamois or base leather, cut and sewn in a convenient manner.
The Plate Fig. 1, represents the structure of the mannequin, view face-on; the dotted lines surrounding it provide alignment.