The document details the structural elements of a mannequin and includes instructions about drawing human features like heads and eyes. It explains how different parts of the mannequin, such as the head, clavicles, and humerus, are constructed and assembled. It also guides on how to visually divide the face for drawing, introducing the proportions for replicating eyes and other features accurately.
PLATE VII.
Development of the Mannequin's Frame.
Fig. 2: The head, seen in profile, the neck, which is hollow, is cut to show the two balls that form the neck.
2. n. 2: The two balls of the neck seen separately.
2: The shoulder blades, the two lateral balls are received in the shells of the clavicles, fig. 5, & the upper & lower shells of this piece receive one the lower ball of the neck, & the other the upper ball of the vertebra piece.
4: Another half or shell of the lower cavity of the preceding piece to which it is fixed by three screws.
5. x: The clavicles; these parts are in number four & assemble in pairs by means of rings 6, 7.
6 & 7: Rings with screws used to tie together the two halves of clavicles after the balls of the humerus & the scapula piece have been placed there.
8: The humerus seen from the front.
9: The humerus seen from the side, below which part of the arm can be seen.
10: The forearm, no 1.
11. n. 2: The hand, whose ball is received in the cavity of the forearm.
12: Forearm seen from the side, where you can see the shell that receives the hand ball.
12: Another half of the shell.
13: Piece representing the spine, the upper ball is received between the shells of the scapula piece, & the lower between the shells of the hip piece.
14: The hip piece; this piece has four cavities or shells, the upper receives the spine, the two lateral each receive one of the head of the femurs, & the lower the ball connecting to the figures.
PLATE VIII.
Fig. 1: Right head seen from the front.
The ovals & their divisions must be copied visually, without using a compass. The entire height A B is divided into four equal parts, A, c, d, e, & E. Point o gives the hairline, point d gives the line of eyes, & point e gives the line of the nose. Lines parallel to d, e, are drawn; f, f, g, g are perpendiculars to A B; the interval f f gives the size of the ear; line f H is divided into five equal parts.
The second to the fourth mark the position & size of the eyes. The distance e B is divided into three equal parts; by the first division below the nose, line h k is drawn, where the mouth will be placed. The width of the face should be the width of an eye at its base, & the mouth the same.
PLATE IX.
Fig. 1: Eye, seen from the front.
The length A B of the eye is divided into three parts, & a diameter gives the height of the eye.
2: Eye in profile.
Height occupies one part, & length another, following the construction of the preceding figure.
3: Eye seen head-on, looking from the side.
4: Eye in profile, slightly above.
5: Eye in three-quarters.